| Population name | Horowitz |
| Genome | GRCh38 |
| Consortium | AncestryDNA: Ancestry, UK Biobank: UKB, Geisinger Health System: GHS, Penn Medicine BioBank: PMBB |
| Super population | EUR, AFR, AMR, SAS |
| Population description | Four ancestries (Admixed American, African, European and South Asian) defined as two groups of COVID-19 outcomes: five phenotypes related to disease risk and two phenotypes related to disease severity among COVID-19 cases |
| Population origin | Unspecified |
| Case population size | 5461 |
| Control population size | 661632 |
| Comorbidities | 19% hospitalized 7% severe disease. Comorbidities included hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, asthma, COPD |
| Mean / median age | Ancestry 52.49, UKB 56.3, GHS 58.2, PMBB 55.65 |
| Sex | >50% Female |
| Severity | Severe |
| Sample source | Nasopharyngeal swab / Whole blood |
| Method | Ancestry: Illumina genotyping array UKB: Applied Biosystems UK BiLEVE Axiom Array and UK Biobank axiome array PMBB: Illumina Global screening array GHS: Illumina OmniExpress Exome or Global Screening Array |
| Bioinformatics | Replicated eight independent associations (r2<0.05) previously reported. Association analyses- genomewide Firth logistic regression test implemented in REGENIE. Results meta-analyzed across studies and ancestries using an inverse variance-weighed fixed-effects meta-analysis. |
| Imputation details | Ancestry: Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) reference panel. Haplotypes: Eagle version 2.4.1 Software: Minimac4 version 1.0.1. UKB: HRC panel, UK10K and 1000 Genomes Project phase 3 panels. PMBB: TOPMed reference panel and TOPMed Imputation Server. GHS: TOPMed reference panel and TOPMed Imputation Server. |
| Limitations | Most participants from EUR ancestry |