| Population name | Peloso |
| Genome | GRCh37 |
| Consortium | Universities and Hospitals in the United States |
| Super population | EUR, AFR, AMR |
| Population description | White, Black (African American) and Hispanic participants were obtained from the VA Million Veteran Program. Participants formed part of four groups 1) COVID-19 positivity as defined by positive COVID-19 test compared with all other MVP participants (POS vs. POP); 2) individuals who were hospitalized for COVID-19 compared with all other MVP participants, including individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 but were not hospitalized (HOS vs. POP); 3)individuals who were hospitalized for COVID-1 |
| Population origin | United States |
| Case population size | 19168 |
| Control population size | 492854 |
| Comorbidities | none specified |
| Mean / median age | 62.3 |
| Sex | 92.25 |
| Severity | Combination |
| Sample source | Whole blood |
| Method | Genotyping using a customized Affymetrix Axiom Biobank Array. Single variant association was performed between imputed variants and four participant outcomes. |
| Bioinformatics | Population-specific principal components (PCs) were computed using EIGENSOFT v.6. The harmonized race/ethnicity and genetic ancestry (HARE) approach was used to assign individuals to three mutually exclusive groups: 1) non-Hispanic White (White), 2) non- Hispanic Black (Black), and 3) Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) . Kinship was inferred using KING v.2.0 . For each pair of relatives (kinship coefficient ?0.0884), one individual was excluded, preferentially retaining those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Logistic regression was applied in PLINK v2 adjusting for age, age2, sex, age*sex, and 15 populationspecific PCs analysed within each of the HARE-assigned groups. COVID-19-HGI summary statistics (Release 5) for the multi-population and the White-only meta-analyses, excluding MVP and 23&Me data, were used for replication. The association between ABO blood type and COVID-19 performed using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex in four COVID outcomes. Variants with population-spe |
| Imputation details | Imputation was performed to a hybrid imputation panel comprised of the African Genome Resources panel and 1000 Genomes (p3v5). |
| Limitations | a. Limited power for genome-wide analyses in severity COVID-19 outcomes, b. Predominance of males in sample cohort |